A heuristic is a higher order psychological adaptation, a useful mental shortcut, an approximation, or a rule-of-thumb, specialised for certain classes of problem, for guiding search and enabling adaptive decision-making.

Daniel Kahneman, Paul Slovic and Amos Tversky, "Judgment under Uncertainty : Heuristics and Biases".
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M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson, "Computers and Intractability : A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness (Series of Books in the Mathematical Sciences)".
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Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin and Daniel Kahneman, "Heuristics and Biases : The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment".
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Arthur J. Riel, "Object-Oriented Design Heuristics".
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Gerd Gigerenzer and Reinhard Selten, "Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox".
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Emile Aarts and Jan Karel Lenstra, "Local Search in Combinatorial Optimization".
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Clark Moustakas, "Heuristic Research : Design, Methodology, and Applications".
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Andrew Abbott, "Methods of Discovery: Heuristics for the Social Sciences (Contemporary Societies)".
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Katherine Tyson, "New Foundations for Scientific Social and Behavioral Research: The Heuristic Paradigm".
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D. T. Pham and Dervis Karaboga, "Intelligent Optimisation Techniques".
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Linda Heath, R. Scott Tindale, John Edwards, Emil J. Posavac, Fred B. Bryant, Eaaron Henderson-King, Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar and Judith Myers, "Applications of Heuristics and Biases to Social Issues (Social Psychological Applications To Social Issues)".
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Bruce G. Buchanan and Edward H. Shortliffe, "Rule Based Expert Systems: The Mycin Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project (The Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence)".
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Zbigniew Michalewicz and David B. Fogel, "How to Solve It: Modern Heuristics".
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Lev Nakhmanovich Landa, "Instructional Regulation and Control: Cybernetics, Algorithmization, and Heuristics in Education".
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Ronald W. Morrison, "Designing Evolutionary Algorithms for Dynamic Environments".
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Susanne Bodker, "Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design".
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Jörg Hoffmann, "Utilizing Problem Structure in Planning : A Local Search Approach (Lecture Notes in Computer Science / Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)".
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